{"id":1863,"date":"2020-12-14T15:00:30","date_gmt":"2020-12-14T15:00:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/?post_type=blog_content&#038;p=1863"},"modified":"2025-08-18T16:52:36","modified_gmt":"2025-08-18T16:52:36","slug":"oznelik-yanilgisinin-sosyal-ve-onemli-bir-rolu-var-chris-frith","status":"publish","type":"blog_content","link":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/en\/blog_content\/oznelik-yanilgisinin-sosyal-ve-onemli-bir-rolu-var-chris-frith\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6znelik Yan\u0131lg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Sosyal ve \u00d6nemli Bir Rol\u00fc Var \u2014 Chris Frith"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00d6zg\u00fcn ad\u0131: \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/aeon.co\/ideas\/our-illusory-sense-of-agency-has-a-deeply-important-social-purpose\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Our illusory sense of agency has a deeply important social purpose<\/a>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"8dd9\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aeon.co\/users\/chris-frith\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Chris Frith,<\/em><\/a><em>&nbsp;University College London\u2019daki Wellcome Trust N\u00f6rog\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme Merkezi\u2019nde n\u00f6ropsikoloji alan\u0131nda emeritus profes\u00f6rd\u00fcr<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/cogist\/%C3%B6znelik-yan%C4%B1lg%C4%B1s%C4%B1n%C4%B1n-sosyal-ve-%C3%B6nemli-bir-rol%C3%BC-var-chris-frith-339c413bf18e#_ftn1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>[1]<\/em><\/a><em>. Zihin ve beyin aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki, alg\u0131, inan\u00e7 ve irade \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile ilgilenmektedir. Son kitab\u0131 \u015eizofreninin Bili\u015fsel N\u00f6ropsikolojisi\u2019dir (Cognitive Neuropsychology of Schizophrenia, 2015). Uta Frith\u2019le beraber Kraliyet Toplulu\u011fu, \u0130ngiliz Akademisi ve T\u0131p Bilimleri Akademisi\u2019nin \u00fcyesidir.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/0*oQoTHlu329YHteAt.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Frans\u0131z kaptan Zinedine Zidane, Almanya\u2019daki 2006 D\u00fcnya Kupas\u0131 finalinde k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kartla oyun d\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6nderildi. Foto\u011fraf: Shaun Botterill\/Getty<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"e275\">Bu yaz\u0131y\u0131 yazmaya konsantre olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum, ama yan odadaki iki torunum k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t u\u00e7ak yapmay\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131 ve tart\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Freya \u201cBeni tekmeledin!\u201d diye ba\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Karde\u015fi Ben, bunun bir kaza oldu\u011fu konusunda \u0131srar ediyor. \u201cTekmelemek istemedim! diye yakar\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"326f\">Bu neden bir bahane olsun ki, diye merak ediyorum. Her iki durumda da ac\u0131 ayn\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"cc52\">Ancak Freya ac\u0131dan \u00e7ok Ben\u2019in niyetiyle ilgileniyor. \u201cBunu kasten yapt\u0131n\u201d diyor. \u201cAcaba Ben ona bilerek mi vurdu? Bunu nas\u0131l bilebiliriz ve bu neden \u00f6nemli olsun ki?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"2800\">Biz insanlar kendimizi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceli (mindful) yarat\u0131klar olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi severiz. \u00d6znel deneyimimiz hakk\u0131nda canl\u0131 bir fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011fa ve nas\u0131l davranaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 se\u00e7ebilece\u011fimize -di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, davran\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131za neden olan\u0131n bilin\u00e7li hallerimiz oldu\u011funa- dair bir hissiyata sahibiz. Daha sonra istersek ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve neden yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayabiliriz. Ancak eylemlerimizi gerek\u00e7elendirme \u015feklimiz, ilk etapta ne yapaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131za karar vermekten temeli itibariyle farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"c2e3\">Acaba \u00f6yle mi? Bilin\u00e7li kontrol alg\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7o\u011fu zaman bir yan\u0131lsamad\u0131r. Pek \u00e7ok sinirbilimsel ve psikolojik ara\u015ft\u0131rma, genellikle beynin s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc koltu\u011funda \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nn0700_729\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">otomatik pilotunun<\/a>\u201d oturdu\u011funu ve ne olup bitti\u011finin fark\u0131nda olmam\u0131za neredeyse hi\u00e7 ihtiya\u00e7 duymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. Yine de garip bir \u015fekilde, bu durumlarda ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn bizde oldu\u011fu \u015feklindeki yo\u011fun bir hissi muhafaza ediyoruz, bu his bir&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/aeon.co\/videos\/can-we-really-make-conscious-decisions-or-is-agency-just-a-trick-of-the-brain\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">eylemin \u00f6znesi olma hissi<\/a>&nbsp;(sense of agency) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131labilir. Peki bu his nereden geliyor?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"2119\">Kesinlikle eylemlerimizin (actions) alt\u0131nda yatan beyin s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine eri\u015fim sa\u011flamaktan gelmiyor. Ne de olsa, sinirlerimin nas\u0131l ate\u015fleme (firing) yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na veya n\u00f6rotransmitterlerin beynimden ve kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131mdan nas\u0131l ge\u00e7ti\u011fine dair&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/229060046_Telling_More_Than_We_Can_Know_Verbal_Reports_on_Mental_Processes\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">elektrokimyasal ayr\u0131nt\u0131lara<\/a>&nbsp;dair hi\u00e7bir fikrim yok. Bunun yerine eylemin \u00f6znesi olma deneyimimiz, ham duyusal verilere dayanarak, eylemlerimizin nedenleri hakk\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlardan geliyor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Bununla birlikte \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ma dayal\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc alg\u0131da oldu\u011fu gibi, deneyimlerimiz de&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/aeon.co\/essays\/how-real-magic-happens-when-the-brain-sees-hidden-things\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">kand\u0131r\u0131labilir<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"ee9a\">\u015eu domino resmine bak\u0131n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:792\/0*VpTuPpwlXF5evDCM.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"6f77\">Bir ekrana bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ger\u00e7e\u011fine ra\u011fmen, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a be\u015f tane d\u0131\u015fb\u00fckey buton ve \u00fc\u00e7 tane i\u00e7b\u00fckey oyuk g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/aeon.co\/videos\/why-can-concave-surfaces-look-convex-when-viewed-from-overhead-and-vice-versa\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Beynimiz bu ill\u00fczyonu yarat\u0131yor<\/a>&nbsp;\u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc genellikle \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n yukar\u0131dan geldi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcz ve b\u00f6ylece 3D \u015fekilleri g\u00f6lgelendirme sebebiyle \u00e7\u0131karsayabiliriz. G\u00f6lge \u00fcstteyse, bir bo\u015fluk g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Altta ise bir buton g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Ama ayn\u0131 nedenle, resmi ters \u00e7evirirseniz, \u00fc\u00e7 buton ve be\u015f oyuk g\u00f6receksiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:792\/0*l4EJPxkGZddBrs10.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"9ee0\">Eylem \u00f6zneli\u011fi deneyimimizde de ayn\u0131s\u0131 oluyor. \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131mlar\u0131m\u0131z yanl\u0131\u015f olabilir. Asl\u0131nda ba\u015fka biri eylem halindeyken, eylemde bulunan\u0131n kendim oldu\u011funa&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mitpress.mit.edu\/books\/illusion-conscious-will\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">inanabiliyorum<\/a>. Bu, aksi durumlarda da b\u00f6yle olabiliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"2649\">Bu t\u00fcr yan\u0131lsamalar, yaln\u0131zca \u00e7ok iyi tasarlanm\u0131\u015f laboratuvar ortamlar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir. 1970&#8217;lerde, kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ileti\u015fim (facilitated communication), veya destekli yaz\u0131m, otizmli insanlar\u0131n daha geni\u015f bir d\u00fcnyayla ileti\u015fim kurmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in bir \u00f6\u011fretim stratejisi olarak tan\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n parmaklar\u0131 tu\u015flara kondu ve bir ki\u015fi kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 (facilitator) rol\u00fcyle, \u00e7ocu\u011fun ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hareketlerini alg\u0131layarak yazmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. Bu teknik, \u2018ileti\u015fimin\u2019 \u00e7ocuktan de\u011fil kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ki\u015fiden geldi\u011finin bir\u00e7ok kez sergilenmesinin ard\u0131ndan, nihayetinde&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.apa.org\/research\/action\/facilitated.aspx\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">itibar\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi.<\/a>&nbsp;Ancak \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 olan, kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ki\u015filerin \u00e7o\u011fu bu eylemlerin failleri olmad\u0131klar\u0131na&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/17489539.2012.674680?src=recsys\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">i\u00e7tenlikle inanmalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/a>&nbsp;\u00d6zg\u00fcr irade, sahip oldu\u011fumuzdan \u00e7ok hissetti\u011fimiz bir histir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"1a96\">Bu g\u00f6zlemler, bilin\u00e7 konusunda temel bir paradoksa i\u015faret ediyor. Bir \u015feyleri ne zaman yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ya da yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 se\u00e7ebildi\u011fimiz \u015feklinde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir izlenimimiz var ve sonu\u00e7 olarak, insanlar\u0131 eylemlerinden sorumlu tutuyoruz. Yine de d\u00fcnyayla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma bi\u00e7imlerimizin \u00e7o\u011fu herhangi bir bilin\u00e7li i\u015flem gerektirmez ve eylem \u00f6zneli\u011fi hissimiz derinden yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"26fd\">Eylem deneyimimiz o anda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u015feyi ger\u00e7ekten etkilemiyorsa, o zaman ne i\u015fe yarar? Neden var? Pek \u00e7ok insan\u0131n aksine, eylem \u00f6zneli\u011finin (agency) yaln\u0131zca harekete ge\u00e7tikten&nbsp;<em>sonras\u0131nda<\/em>&nbsp;-birbirimize kendimizi&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1053810006000936\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmaya ve a\u00e7\u0131klamaya<\/a>&nbsp;\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zla- olanlarla ilgili oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"30b2\">Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc destekleyen birka\u00e7 ipucu var.&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0010027712001618\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u00d6znel ak\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k deneyimini<\/a>&nbsp;(experience of fluency) ele alal\u0131m: Bir \u015feyi yapmak ne kadar kolay&nbsp;<em>geliyorsa<\/em>&nbsp;(feel), eylemin kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn sizde oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z o kadar artar. Fakat bu gibi hisleri yorumlamay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmeliyiz ve insanlar\u0131n bize s\u00f6yledikleri \u015feyler, yan\u0131t verme \u015feklimizi de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir. Zor bir zihinsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirirkenki \u00e7aba sarf etme alg\u0131m\u0131z olduk\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu, yorgun olaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ve dinlenmeye ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z olaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na m\u0131 geliyor, yoksa enerjimizi toplayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ve devam etmeye haz\u0131r olaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z m\u0131? Biri bize kendimizi t\u00fckenmi\u015f hissedece\u011fimizi s\u00f6ylerse, k\u00f6t\u00fc performans sergileriz. Ama enerjik hissetmemiz gerekti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenirse,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20876879?dopt=Citation\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">daha iyi bir performans sergileriz<\/a>. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, belirli eylem deneyimlerini bir eylemin \u00f6znesi olma hissiyle ili\u015fkilendirmeyi \u00f6\u011freniyoruz ve sorumlu hissetti\u011fimiz \u015fey de bu t\u00fcr eylemlerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"2d6f\">Eylemin \u00f6znesi olmak ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 sorumlu tutulabilirlik (accountability) aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f, en az\u0131ndan M.\u00d6. 300&#8217;e kadar uzan\u0131yor. Yunan filozoflar\u0131, Epik\u00fcr ve Stoac\u0131lar, evrenin do\u011fa kanunlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f oldu\u011funa inanmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u00f6zg\u00fcr irade fikrini savunmak istediler. \u00d6zg\u00fcr iradenin iki temel \u00f6zelli\u011fi var dediler. Birincisi, kontrolde olma hissidir: \u201cBu olay\u0131n sebebi benim.\u201d \u0130kincisi, kar\u015f\u0131 olgunun kavranmas\u0131d\u0131r: \u201cBen aksini se\u00e7ebilirdim.\u201d Pi\u015fmanl\u0131k sanc\u0131lar\u0131 -hepimizin deneyimledi\u011fi bir \u015fey- farkl\u0131 bir \u015fey yapabilece\u011fimize inanmad\u0131k\u00e7a hi\u00e7bir anlam ifade etmiyor. Dahas\u0131, Epik\u00fcr bu sorumluluk hissini ba\u015fkalar\u0131ndan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00f6vg\u00fc ve su\u00e7lamalar yoluyla edindi\u011fimize&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/280102229_Moral_responsibility_and_moral_development_in_Epicurus\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">inan\u0131yordu<\/a>. Ayr\u0131ca Epik\u00fcr\u2019e g\u00f6re, akranlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 dinleyerek, d\u00fcnyadaki de\u011fi\u015fimi etkileme kapasitemize uyum sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f oluruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"512a\">Bilin\u00e7li deneyimimiz, bu dersleri almam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u015feydir. Belki eylemlerimizin \u00e7o\u011fu i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 fazlas\u0131 olabilir, ancak hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 derinlemesine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrken ve bunu di\u011fer insanlarla tart\u0131\u015f\u0131rken kesinlikle bilin\u00e7lili\u011fe ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00e7ocuklara genellikle pi\u015fmanl\u0131k duymas\u0131nlar diye harekete ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeleri hat\u0131rlat\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7ocuklar, \u201ckazalar\u0131n\u201d kas\u0131tl\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015flardan daha \u00e7abuk mazur g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6\u011frenirler. Yani torunum Ben, Freya\u2019y\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla m\u0131 yoksa kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak m\u0131 tekmeledi\u011finden emin olamayabilir, ancak tekmenin kas\u0131ts\u0131z oldu\u011funu iddia ederse, bundan kurtulma \u015fans\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu bilir. Bu \u015fekilde, eylemlerimizin \u201ckas\u0131tl\u0131\u201d olmas\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l \u201chissettirdi\u011fini\u201d yava\u015f yava\u015f tespit ederiz ve her \u015fey yolunda giderse, kendi g\u00fc\u00e7lerimiz hakk\u0131nda sorumluluk duygusu olan yeti\u015fkinlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"0c12\">Eylem \u00f6znesi olman\u0131n sosyal boyutlar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, sorumlulukla ilgili normlar\u0131n \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015fmesi \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir. Ba\u015fka bir zaman ve yerde Ben\u2019in yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla Freya\u2019y\u0131 tekmelemesi bu kadar hafife al\u0131nmayabilirdi. \u00d6rne\u011fin baz\u0131 Pasifik Ada k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/article\/239823?casa_token=6l_wTRRHTaUAAAAA%3AdYIcPIP5e_jRbuRmNTWCFa7GsD2M8BhuO6e9FilWpHjpfSSFzOP_f80-Wda5n59xRy6Le8gasA\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">di\u011fer zihinlerin \u201cmatl\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u201d<\/a>&nbsp;yani di\u011fer insanlar\u0131n ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ya da hissetti\u011fini bilmenin imkans\u0131z veya en az\u0131ndan \u00e7ok zor oldu\u011fu fikrine inan\u0131rlar. Sonu\u00e7 olarak insanlar, sebebi kaza veya hata olsa bile yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0271530913000499\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">sorumlu tutulurlar.<\/a>&nbsp;Kas\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n (intentionality) kavranmas\u0131 onlara g\u00f6re imk\u00e2ns\u0131zd\u0131r ve bu nedenle b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde konu d\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Benzer \u015fekilde, Belize ve Guatemala\u2019daki&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/492641\/The_thought_that_counts_Understanding_variation_in_cultural_theories_of_interaction._In_-The_Roots_of_Human_Sociality_Culture_Cognition_and_Human_Interaction-._S._Levinson_and_N._Enfield_eds_._NY_Berg_Press._pp._259-278\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Mopan Mayalar\u0131<\/a>&nbsp;aras\u0131nda \u00e7ocuklar da yeti\u015fkinler de eylemlerinin sonucuna g\u00f6re cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"8abc\">Dahas\u0131, deneyimlerimizi dikkate alarak ve bunlar\u0131 ba\u015fkalar\u0131yla payla\u015farak, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ve biz insanlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekte nas\u0131l oldu\u011fu konusunda bir fikir birli\u011fine varabiliriz. Elbette, fikir birli\u011finin \u00e7ekici veya yararl\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in do\u011fru olmas\u0131 gerekmez. Uzun bir s\u00fcre herkes G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde hemfikirdi. Belki de eylem \u00f6znesi olma hissimiz benzer bir numarad\u0131r: \u201cdo\u011fru\u201d olmayabilir, ancak ahlak i\u00e7in ortak bir temel olu\u015fturarak sosyal uyumu s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n hangi davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 neden sergilediklerini anlamam\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur ve sonu\u00e7 olarak davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/226256934_The_Regulative_Dimension_of_Folk_Psychology\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">&nbsp;tahmin etmeyi kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"6e6c\">O halde sorumluluk, bilin\u00e7li deneyimin ge\u00e7er ak\u00e7esidir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn de temelidir. \u0130nsan sosyal bir hayvand\u0131r, ancak ne t\u00fcr yarat\u0131klar oldu\u011fumuz ve o ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z d\u00fcnya hakk\u0131nda anla\u015famasak, toplumda i\u015f birli\u011fi yapamaz veya ge\u00e7inemezdik. Oysa deneyimlerimiz \u00fcst\u00fcne derinlemesine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek, onlar\u0131 payla\u015farak ve hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 vererek b\u00f6yle bir ortak zemin bulabiliriz. Bug\u00fcne kadar s\u00fcrekli deney, tart\u0131\u015fma ve tekrarlamay\u0131 i\u00e7eren bilimsel y\u00f6ntem, uzla\u015fmam\u0131z\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011funu art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirdi\u011fimiz en y\u00fcksek bili\u015fsel teknolojidir. Ben ve Freya\u2019n\u0131n eylemin anlam\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sadece bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"b03a\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/cogist\/%C3%B6znelik-yan%C4%B1lg%C4%B1s%C4%B1n%C4%B1n-sosyal-ve-%C3%B6nemli-bir-rol%C3%BC-var-chris-frith-339c413bf18e#_ftnref1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;Emeritus profes\u00f6r unvan\u0131, emeklilik ya\u015f\u0131na gelmi\u015f ancak bilgi ve birikimini ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u00fcniversite ve akademiyle payla\u015fan, uluslararas\u0131 sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015f profes\u00f6rlere verilen unvand\u0131r. Bu unvana sahip profes\u00f6rler ders anlatma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahip olmaz ve di\u011fer akademisyen ve \u00f6\u011frencilere yol g\u00f6sterirler. (E.N.)<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":1864,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"event_publishing_tags":[615,867,94,93,691,64,92,323,74,868,482,75,177,695,263,694,264,176],"kategori":[305],"class_list":["post-1863","blog_content","type-blog_content","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","event_publishing_tags-agency","event_publishing_tags-antropoloji-anthropology","event_publishing_tags-bilis","event_publishing_tags-bilissel-bilim","event_publishing_tags-cogist","event_publishing_tags-cognition","event_publishing_tags-cognitive-science","event_publishing_tags-cogsci","event_publishing_tags-felsefe","event_publishing_tags-oznelik","event_publishing_tags-philmind","event_publishing_tags-philosophy","event_publishing_tags-philosophy-of-mind","event_publishing_tags-social","event_publishing_tags-social-cognition","event_publishing_tags-sosyal","event_publishing_tags-sosyal-bilis","event_publishing_tags-zihin-felsefesi","kategori-ceviri"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_content\/1863","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_content"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/blog_content"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_content\/1863\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1864"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1863"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"event_publishing_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/event_publishing_tags?post=1863"},{"taxonomy":"kategori","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kategori?post=1863"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}