{"id":1834,"date":"2020-09-09T15:00:21","date_gmt":"2020-09-09T15:00:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/?post_type=blog_content&p=1834"},"modified":"2025-08-13T20:30:43","modified_gmt":"2025-08-13T20:30:43","slug":"gorsel-imgeler-karsisinda-beynimizin-sinirliligi-rebecca-keogh","status":"publish","type":"blog_content","link":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/en\/blog_content\/gorsel-imgeler-karsisinda-beynimizin-sinirliligi-rebecca-keogh\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00f6rsel \u0130mgeler Kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Beynimizin S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2014 Rebecca Keogh"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00d6zg\u00fcn Ad\u0131:\u00a0The human brain\u2019s bandwidth for visual images is severely limited<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rebecca Keogh Avustralya\u2019daki New South Wales \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde bili\u015fsel n\u00f6robilim alan\u0131nda doktora sonras\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni dairenize bir kanepe almak i\u00e7in Ikea\u2019da oldu\u011funuzu hayal edin. B\u00fcy\u00fck yumu\u015fak yast\u0131klar\u0131 olan, \u015farap renginde iki ki\u015filik bir koltuk be\u011feniyorsunuz. Mevcut mobilyalar\u0131n\u0131zla birlikte nas\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcnece\u011fini hayal ediyor ve istedi\u011finiz kanepenin bu oldu\u011funa karar veriyorsunuz. Ma\u011fazada dolanmaya devam ederken, end\u00fcstriyel tarzda g\u00fczel bir lamba ve bir sehpa buluyorsunuz, bu sehpan\u0131n kanepeyle yan yana gelince nas\u0131l duraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hayal etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsunuz. Ancak bu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc birlikte hayal etmek, sadece kanepeyi hayal etmekten daha zor. Kafan\u0131zda ka\u00e7 mobilya par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 yeniden d\u00fczenleyebilece\u011finizi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz? Ayn\u0131 anda ne kadar fazla \u015fey hayal edebilece\u011fimizin bir s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 var m\u0131, yoksa hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fcz ger\u00e7ekten s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z m\u0131?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dan\u0131\u015fman hocam Joel Pearson ve ben, New South Wales \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ndeki laboratuar\u0131m\u0131zda bu sorunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 ar\u0131yoruz. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131zda mobilya yerine, i\u00e7lerinde \u00e7izgiler bar\u0131nd\u0131ran dairelerden olu\u015fan ve Gabor yamalar\u0131 olarak bilinen basit \u015fekiller ile iki g\u00f6z\u00fcn rekabeti (binocular rivalry) olarak bilinen g\u00f6rsel bir ill\u00fczyon kulland\u0131k. \u0130ki g\u00f6z\u00fcn rekabeti, her bir g\u00f6ze birer tane olmak \u00fczere iki farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc g\u00f6sterildi\u011finde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Ki\u015filer iki g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek yerine, sol g\u00f6ze sunulan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc veya sa\u011f g\u00f6ze sunulan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcden yaln\u0131zca birini g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Joel Pearson\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nceki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/a>, Gabor yamas\u0131n\u0131 hayal etmenin veya \u00e7ok zay\u0131f bir halini g\u00f6rmenin, iki g\u00f6z rekabetinde bu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc g\u00f6rme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 art\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, sizden birka\u00e7 saniyeli\u011fine k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 bir Gabor yamas\u0131 hayal etmenizi isteseydim ve sonra size bir k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve bir ye\u015fil Gabor yamas\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bir iki g\u00f6z rekabeti ortam\u0131 sunsayd\u0131m, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc g\u00f6rme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z ye\u015fili g\u00f6rme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek olacakt\u0131. Bu, haz\u0131rlanma etkisi (priming)<\/em> olarak bilinir ve genellikle ba\u015flat\u0131lan denemelerin y\u00fczdesi \u2013yani, bir bireyin hayal edilen g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc sonraki iki g\u00f6z rekabeti ekran\u0131nda g\u00f6rme y\u00fczdesi\u2013 olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu deney \u015fimdiye kadar yaln\u0131zca tek bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kullan\u0131larak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Biz ise ayn\u0131 anda ka\u00e7 \u00f6\u011feyi hayal edebilece\u011fimizi test etmeye karar verdik. S\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z say\u0131da \u00f6\u011fe hayal edebilecek olursak, o zaman bir veya birden fazla g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 seviyede haz\u0131rlanma etkisini g\u00f6zlemlemeliydik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u0131rsl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ba\u015flad\u0131k, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lardan bir ila yedi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc aras\u0131ndan herhangi birini hayal etmelerini istedik. Onlara Gabor yamalar\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7 tane ve hangi renk hayal etmelerini ve bunlar\u0131n hangi y\u00f6nde olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6steren ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 sunduk. Daha da \u00f6nemlisi, onlara verdi\u011fimiz ipu\u00e7lar\u0131, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n hayal ettikleri s\u00fcre boyunca mevcuttu, yani haf\u0131zan\u0131n kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etkisi yoktu, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc hangi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn nerede oldu\u011funu hayal etmeleri gerekti\u011fini hat\u0131rlamalar\u0131 gerekmiyordu. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n hayal edebildikleri \u015feyde s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131, ak\u0131llar\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 veya d\u00f6rt madde tutmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011finde haz\u0131rlanma etkisinin \u015fans seviyelerine kadar d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rd\u00fck<\/a>. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 birka\u00e7 takip deneyi ile izledik ve g\u00f6rd\u00fck ki, deneklerimiz daha fazla \u00f6ge hayal etmeleri gerekti\u011finde g\u00f6rsel imgelenmelerini daha az canl\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirdiler ve ayn\u0131 anda birden fazla g\u00f6rsel hayal etmeleri gerekti\u011finde bu \u00f6gelerin do\u011frulu\u011fu azald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, g\u00f6rsel imgelenmemizde ciddi s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar oldu\u011fu kesinlikle g\u00f6sterilebilir. Neden mi? G\u00f6rsel imgeleme kapasitesi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n, beynin \u00f6n ve arka g\u00f6rsel alanlar\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan g\u00f6rsel-imgeleme beyin a\u011f\u0131nda bir yerlerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 muhtemeldir<\/a>. Frontal b\u00f6lgelerin, beynin duyusal (bu durumda, g\u00f6rsel) alanlar\u0131n\u0131 besleyen yukar\u0131dan-a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya ba\u011flant\u0131lar yoluyla g\u00f6rsel imgelerin kontrol\u00fcnden ve yarat\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sorumlu oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Bu yukar\u0131dan-a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n, g\u00f6rsel imgeleme deneyimine yol a\u00e7an, beynin g\u00f6rsel b\u00f6lgelerindeki n\u00f6ronlar\u0131n ate\u015fleme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 veya sinaptik ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 manip\u00fcle etti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya manip\u00fclasyonlar\u0131 beynimizin g\u00f6rsel alanlar\u0131nda hayal etti\u011fimiz g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerin \u201charitalar\u0131n\u0131<\/a>\u201d yaratmak olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz. Birden fazla g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc hayal etti\u011fimizde, birden \u00e7ok harita olu\u015ftururuz ve bu haritalar beynin g\u00f6rsel alanlar\u0131ndaki bo\u015fluklar i\u00e7in rekabet eder. Belki de g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc haritalar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki bu rekabet ve etkile\u015fim, kapasite s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131m\u0131za yol a\u00e7an \u015feydir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar neden \u00f6nemlidir? Sonu\u00e7ta g\u00f6rsel imgelem, Ikea\u2019dan kanepe ve masa sat\u0131n almaktan daha fazla i\u015fe yarar. \u00d6rne\u011fin <\/a>ak\u0131l hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n tedavisini ele alal\u0131m<\/a>. Fobiler genellikle hayali maruz kalma ile tedavi edilir. Terapi, birisini \u00f6r\u00fcmcekler, u\u00e7ak gezileri, topluluk \u00f6n\u00fcnde konu\u015fma, y\u00fckseklik vb. gibi endi\u015feye neden olan \u015feylere defalarca maruz b\u0131rakarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve bu tekrarlanan maruz kalma, korku tepkisinin azalmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a, uygulamasal nedenlerden dolay\u0131, insanlar\u0131 bu durumlara tekrar tekrar maruz b\u0131rakmak zor olabilir; bu nedenle klinisyenler bunun yerine hayali maruz kalmay\u0131 kullan\u0131r. Hasta, korku uyand\u0131ran uyaranlar\u0131 olabildi\u011fince ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak hayal eder ve bunun, uyaranlara ger\u00e7ek maruz kalmaya benzer \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Klinik psikolojide g\u00f6rsel imgelem i\u00e7eren bir ba\u015fka tedavi bi\u00e7imi, depresyon, genelle\u015ftirilmi\u015f anksiyete, obsesif-kompulsif bozukluk ve yeme bozukluklar\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 bozuklu\u011fu tedavi etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan imgesel yeniden yazmad\u0131r (imaginal rescripting). \u0130mgesel yeniden yazma, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015ften veya gelecekten korku veya endi\u015fe \u00fcreten senaryolar\u0131 hayal etmesini veya sim\u00fcle etmesini i\u00e7erir. Bu senaryolar\u0131 olabildi\u011fince ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak hayal ederler ve ard\u0131ndan daha olumlu bir alternatif senaryo ya da sonu\u00e7 hayal etmeleri istenir \u2013an\u0131y\u0131 ya da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi yeniden yazarlar. Ayr\u0131ca s\u00fcre\u00e7 boyunca bu senaryolara y\u00f6nelik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftirecekleri kendilerine \u00f6\u011fretilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130mgesel maruz kalma ve yeniden yazma gibi imgelemeye dayal\u0131 terapilerin, piyasadaki en iyi bili\u015fsel davran\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 terapilerden biri oldu\u011fu g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f olsa da, y\u00fczde y\u00fcz etkili de\u011filler. Bu tedavilerin ne kadar iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen fakt\u00f6rlerden biri, hem g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerin kapasite s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131ndan hem de insanlar\u0131n yaratma yeteneklerindeki bireysel farkl\u0131l\u0131klardan etkilenen, zihinde yarat\u0131lan senaryolar\u0131n \u201cger\u00e7ekli\u011fi\u201d olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terapinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ge\u00e7mi\u015fi hat\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda <\/a>ve gelece\u011fi planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda <\/a>g\u00f6rsel imgelem kullan\u0131yoruz; \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma <\/a>belle\u011fimizde <\/a>g\u00f6rsel <\/a>bilgileri saklad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ve manip\u00fcle etti\u011fimizde; ahlaki <\/a>yarg\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zda ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131na yard\u0131m <\/a>etme niyetimizde bile rol oynar. Ke\u015ffetti\u011fimiz g\u00f6rsel g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerin kapasite s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, bu durumlardan herhangi biri s\u0131ras\u0131nda tutabilece\u011fimiz ve i\u015fleyebilece\u011fimiz bilgilerin miktar\u0131n\u0131 ve kalitesini muhtemelen etkileyecektir. \u0130mgelemimizdeki bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, hem g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta hem de terap\u00f6tik m\u00fcdahalelerde ba\u015farabileceklerimizi s\u0131n\u0131rlayabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eimdilik j\u00fcri, g\u00f6rsel imgeleme kapasitemizin geli\u015ftirilip geli\u015ftirilemeyece\u011fi konusunda h\u00e2l\u00e2 karars\u0131zd\u0131r (asl\u0131nda, \u015fu anda \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m mesele bu). Ancak bildi\u011fimiz bir \u015fey varsa, o da g\u00f6rsel imgelemimizin kapasite s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in yeni nesnel yollar inceleyerek ve yaratarak, insan imgeleminin ve zihninin t\u00fcm s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 anlamaya ve bunlar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelmek i\u00e7in yeni yollar geli\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flayabilece\u011fimizdir.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":1835,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"event_publishing_tags":[83,94,93,378,518,82,691,64,377,92,111,803,802,807,806,800,805,804,66,65,471,110,801,799],"kategori":[305],"class_list":["post-1834","blog_content","type-blog_content","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","event_publishing_tags-beyin","event_publishing_tags-bilis","event_publishing_tags-bilissel-bilim","event_publishing_tags-bilissel-norobilim","event_publishing_tags-bilissel-sinirbilim","event_publishing_tags-brain","event_publishing_tags-cogist","event_publishing_tags-cognition","event_publishing_tags-cognitive-neuroscience","event_publishing_tags-cognitive-science","event_publishing_tags-gorme","event_publishing_tags-gorsel","event_publishing_tags-gorsel-imge","event_publishing_tags-hayal","event_publishing_tags-hayal-gorme","event_publishing_tags-image","event_publishing_tags-imagination","event_publishing_tags-imgelem","event_publishing_tags-neuroscience","event_publishing_tags-norobilim","event_publishing_tags-sinirbilim","event_publishing_tags-vision","event_publishing_tags-visual-image","event_publishing_tags-visual-imagery","kategori-ceviri"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_content\/1834","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_content"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/blog_content"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_content\/1834\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1835"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1834"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"event_publishing_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/event_publishing_tags?post=1834"},{"taxonomy":"kategori","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kategori?post=1834"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}