{"id":1738,"date":"2023-03-17T15:00:42","date_gmt":"2023-03-17T15:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/?post_type=blog_content&p=1738"},"modified":"2025-04-11T21:44:30","modified_gmt":"2025-04-11T21:44:30","slug":"hedwig-von-restorff-kognitif-vikimaraton","status":"publish","type":"blog_content","link":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/en\/blog_content\/hedwig-von-restorff-kognitif-vikimaraton\/","title":{"rendered":"Hedwig von Restorff \u2014 Kognitif VikiMaraton"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bu dok\u00fcman CogIST olarak, 8 Mart D\u00fcnya Kad\u0131nlar G\u00fcn\u00fc dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Vikipedi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, kad\u0131n bili\u015fsel bilimcilere dair ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fimiz katk\u0131lar\u0131n bir ar\u015fivi niteli\u011findedir. Vikipedi\u2019deki maddeler s\u0131kl\u0131kla de\u011fi\u015ftirilebildi\u011fi i\u00e7in, bu katk\u0131lar\u0131n kendi pay\u0131m\u0131za d\u00fc\u015fen k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 belgelemek ve ar\u015fivlemek gere\u011fi duyduk. Bu maddeye <\/em>Vikipedi\u2019den<\/em><\/a> de eri\u015febilirsiniz. T\u00fcm Kognitif VikiMaraton detaylar\u0131na ise <\/em>buradan<\/em><\/a> ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hedwig von Restorff (14 Aral\u0131k 1906, Berlin \u2014 6 Temmuz 1962, Freiburg im Breisgau) en \u00e7ok kendi ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan izolasyon etkisinin (isolation effect) ke\u015ffiyle bilinir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hedwig von Restorff ayn\u0131 zamanda doktoras\u0131n\u0131 da ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Berlin \u00dcniversitesinde \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve psikoloji \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 Gestalt gelene\u011fine g\u00f6re s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Von Restorff psikoloji kariyeri boyunca Wolfgang K\u00f6hler\u2019in yan\u0131nda doktora sonras\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Berlin \u00dcniversitesinde\u2019yken von Restorff iki yay\u0131n yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu yay\u0131nlardan ilki kendisinin 1933 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 izolasyon paradigmas\u0131 deneylerine de\u011finirken ikincisi K\u00f6hler ile beraber yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Von Restorff\u2019un yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7bir zaman \u0130ngilizce olarak bas\u0131lmamas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ikincil kaynaklar nedeniyle kaybolmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130zolasyon paradigmas\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0130zolasyon paradigmas\u0131, bir listede yer alan ay\u0131rt edici bir \u00f6genin di\u011fer \u00f6gelerden belirli bir \u00f6zellik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermesidir. \u0130zolasyon paradigmas\u0131n\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada kullanan ilk ki\u015fi von Restorff de\u011fildi. Canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n bellek \u00fczerindeki etkisini incelemek i\u00e7in daha \u00f6nce izolasyon paradigmas\u0131 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak, von Restorff\u2019un \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan sonra izolasyon paradimas\u0131 terimi von Restorff ve ay\u0131rt edicili\u011fin incelenmesi ile ili\u015fkilendirilmi\u015ftir. \u0130zolasyon paradigmas\u0131 \u015fekil, renk, say\u0131 ve harf kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve oryantasyon bak\u0131m\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6steren listelerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda yararl\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Bu etki s\u0131kl\u0131kla dikkatle ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Ay\u0131rt edici \u00f6zellik, bir \u00f6geyi listedeki di\u011fer \u00f6gelerden ay\u0131rarak kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n dikkatini daha iyi \u00e7eker.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1933 deneyleri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Hedwig von Restorff izolasyon paradigmas\u0131n\u0131 1933 y\u0131l\u0131nda bas\u0131lan makalesindeki deneylerde kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130zolasyon paradigmas\u0131n\u0131 kullanma amac\u0131 engelleme (interference) etkilerinin daha detayl\u0131 incelenmesiydi. O d\u00f6nemde anlams\u0131z hecelerin kullan\u0131m\u0131na dair psikoloji camias\u0131nda giderek artan ele\u015ftirilere ra\u011fmen, von Restorff makalesinin ilk sayfas\u0131n\u0131 anlams\u0131z heceleri kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 savunmaya ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Von Restorff, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131na \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn boyunca \u00fc\u00e7er tane liste sunmu\u015ftur. \u0130lk g\u00fcn, listedeki \u00f6gelerin hepsi birbiriyle alakas\u0131zd\u0131 ve be\u015f farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrde materyalden toplamda sekiz \u00e7iftten olu\u015fuyordu. \u00c7iftlerin yar\u0131s\u0131 anlams\u0131z hecelerden (homojen \u00e7iftler) olu\u015fmaktayken di\u011fer yar\u0131s\u0131 ise di\u011fer d\u00f6rt farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrde materyali temsil ediyordu (say\u0131lar, kelimeler, harfler, semboller). Sonraki iki g\u00fcn ise, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lara homojen \u00f6gelerin aras\u0131nda izole bir \u00f6ge i\u00e7eren listeler verilmi\u015ftir. Bu izole \u00f6ge listede ya ikinci ya da \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada yer almaktayd\u0131. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lara spesifik bellek y\u00f6nergeleri verilmi\u015ftir ve g\u00f6sterilen \u00f6gelerin geri \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmas\u0131na dair bir test uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Von Restorff\u2019un \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n izole edilmi\u015f materyalleri homojen \u00f6gelere k\u0131yasla daha fazla geri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlenmi\u015ftir. \u0130zole \u00f6ge listedeki \u00f6gelerin i\u00e7erisinde erken bir zamanda (pozisyon olarak) sunuldu\u011funda, alg\u0131sal belirginlik (perceptual salience), ya da dikkatin oda\u011f\u0131nda olan bilgi, izolasyon etkisini yaratmak i\u00e7in gerekli de\u011fildi. Genele bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, von Restorff\u2019un deneylerinde buldu\u011fu \u015fey, listedeki bir \u00f6genin homojen \u00e7iftler aras\u0131nda izole edilmesinin, izole edilen o \u00f6genin \u00f6\u011frenilebilirli\u011fini artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Von Restorff\u2019un bulgular\u0131 izolasyon etkisinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 veya izole \u00f6geye odaklan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n gerekli oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyor. Farkl\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f dikkat ya alg\u0131sal belirginlikten ya da izole \u00f6genin ba\u011flamsal farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etkileri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ay\u0131rt edicili\u011fin bellek \u00fczerindeki etkilerini \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam etmi\u015flerdir. Von Restorff\u2019un izolasyon etkisinin teorisine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 muazzam katk\u0131lar h\u00e2l\u00e2 daha g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Onun katk\u0131lar\u0131 bu konuyu geni\u015fletip g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar s\u00fcregelmi\u015f birtak\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 etkilemi\u015ftir. Von Restorff etkisine dair farkl\u0131 perspektiflerin k\u00f6keni, \u00f6rne\u011fin Hunt ve Lamb\u2019in izole \u00f6ge yerine listedeki \u00f6gelerin dengesine odaklanmas\u0131, onun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r. Fabiani ve Donchin\u2019in bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ise kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n izole edilen \u00f6genin geri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131p \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmamas\u0131na g\u00f6re geri \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lan \u00f6gelerin miktar\u0131n\u0131 incelemi\u015ftir ve bir kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar fazla izole \u00f6ge geri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131rsa, toplamda o kadar fazla \u00f6ge geri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Arenius, Marcus; Bengtsg\u00e5rd, Charlotta; Berntsson, Gita; Granqvist, Ludvig; Lagerl\u00f6f, David; Praetorius, Gesa; Tjernstr\u00f6m, Johan. \u201cISOLATE: An alternative interpretation of the von Restorff effect\u201d (PDF). ida.liu.se\/. Retrieved 4 November 2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hunt, Reed (1995). \u201cThe subtlety of distinctiveness: What von Restorff really did\u201d. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 2 (1): 105\u2013112. doi:10.3758\/BF03214414. PMID 24203592.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kelley, Matthew; Nairne, James (2001). \u201cvon Restorff Revisited: Isolation, Generation, and Memory for Order\u201d. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 27 (1): 54\u201366. doi:10.1037\/0278\u20137393.27.1.54. PMID 11204107.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wallace, William (1965). \u201cReview of the historical, empirical, and theoretical status of the von Restorff phenomenon\u201d. Psychological Bulletin. 63 (6): 410\u201324. doi:10.1037\/h0022001. PMID 14314076.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":1735,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":true},"event_publishing_tags":[],"kategori":[302],"class_list":["post-1738","blog_content","type-blog_content","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","kategori-vikimaraton"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_content\/1738","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_content"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/blog_content"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/blog_content\/1738\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1735"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1738"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"event_publishing_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/event_publishing_tags?post=1738"},{"taxonomy":"kategori","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kategori?post=1738"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}