{"id":1675,"date":"2021-03-08T15:00:32","date_gmt":"2021-03-08T15:00:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/?post_type=blog_content&p=1675"},"modified":"2025-04-11T21:49:27","modified_gmt":"2025-04-11T21:49:27","slug":"patricia-churchland-kognitif-vikimaraton","status":"publish","type":"blog_content","link":"https:\/\/cog-ist.com\/en\/blog_content\/patricia-churchland-kognitif-vikimaraton\/","title":{"rendered":"Patricia Churchland \u2014 Kognitif VikiMaraton"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Bu d\u00f6k\u00fcman CogIST olarak, 8 Mart D\u00fcnya Kad\u0131nlar G\u00fcn\u00fc dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Vikipedi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, kad\u0131n bili\u015fsel bilimcilere dair ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fimiz katk\u0131lar\u0131n bir ar\u015fivi niteli\u011findedir. Vikipedi\u2019deki maddeler s\u0131kl\u0131kla de\u011fi\u015ftirilebildi\u011fi i\u00e7in, bu katk\u0131lar\u0131n kendi pay\u0131m\u0131za d\u00fc\u015fen k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 belgelemek ve ar\u015fivlemek gere\u011fi duyduk. Bu maddeye <\/em>Vikipedi\u2019de<\/em><\/a> de eri\u015febilirsiniz. T\u00fcm Kognitif VikiMaraton detaylar\u0131na ise <\/em>buradan<\/em><\/a> ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Patricia Smith Churchland<\/strong> (16 Temmuz 1943 do\u011fumlu) [1]<\/a>, n\u00f6rofelsefeye ve zihin felsefesine<\/a> katk\u0131lar\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bilinen Kanadal\u0131-Amerikal\u0131 bir analitik<\/a> filozoftur [2]<\/a>[3]<\/a> . 1984’ten beri ders verdi\u011fi California \u00dcniversitesi, San Diego\u2019da (UCSD) Felsefe B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Emerita Profes\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca 1989’dan beri Salk Biyolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnde<\/a> yard\u0131mc\u0131 profes\u00f6rl\u00fck yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[4]<\/a> Moskova Devlet \u00dcniversitesi<\/a>, Moskova<\/a> Felsefe B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Bilin\u00e7 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Merkezi M\u00fctevelli Heyeti \u00fcyesidir.[5]<\/a> 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Amerikan Sanat ve Bilimler Akademisi\u2019ne \u00fcye se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.[6]<\/a> British Columbia<\/a> \u00dcniversitesi, Pittsburgh<\/a> \u00dcniversitesi ve Oxford \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde<\/a> e\u011fitim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr, 1969\u20131984 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Manitoba \u00dcniversitesinde<\/a> felsefe dersi vermi\u015f ve filozof Paul Churchland ile evlenmi\u015ftir.[7]<\/a> The New Yorker<\/em><\/a> \u2018da yazan Larissa MacFarquhar, felsefi \u00e7ift hakk\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemledi\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir: \u201c\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 o kadar benzer ki bazen akademik dergilerde ve kitaplarda tek ki\u015fi olarak ele al\u0131n\u0131rlar.\u201d [8]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biyografi<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Gen\u00e7li\u011fi ve E\u011fitimi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Churchland, British Columbia\u2019n\u0131n Oliver kentinde Patricia Smith olarak do\u011fmu\u015f [1]<\/a> ve G\u00fcney Okanagan vadisindeki bir \u00e7iftlikte b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.[9]<\/a> Ebeveynlerinin ikisi de lise mezunu olmay\u0131p; babas\u0131 ve annesi s\u0131ras\u0131yla 6. ve 8. s\u0131n\u0131flardan sonra okulu b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f kimselerdir. Annesi bir hem\u015fire ve babas\u0131, aile \u00e7iftli\u011fini i\u015fletmenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra gazetede \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Churchland, az bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, ebeveynlerinin bilimle ilgilendiklerini ve ona a\u015f\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn sek\u00fcler bir d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca ebeveynleri, \u00e7evrelerindeki pek \u00e7ok \u00e7ift\u00e7i bunu \u201cg\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 ve anlams\u0131z bir israf\u201d olarak g\u00f6rse de, onu \u00fcniversiteye g\u00f6ndermek i\u00e7in hevesli olduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.[10]<\/a> Lisans\u0131n\u0131 British Columbia \u00dcniversitesinde<\/a> yapm\u0131\u015f ve 1965’te onur derecesiyle mezun olmu\u015ftur.[6]<\/a> 1966’da y\u00fcksek lisans<\/a> yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Pittsburgh \u00dcniversitesinde<\/a> okumak i\u00e7in Woodrow Wilson Bursu alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[11]<\/a> Daha sonra Oxford \u00dcniversitesinde<\/a> British Council<\/a> ve Canada Council Fellow olarak okumu\u015f ve 1969’da B. Phil alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akademik kariyer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Churchland\u2019in akademik ilk i\u015fi 1969’dan 1977’ye kadar yard\u0131mc\u0131 do\u00e7entlik, daha sonra 1977’den 1982’ye kadar ise do\u00e7entlik yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Manitoba \u00dcniversitesinde olmu\u015ftur.[6]<\/a> Fizyoloji b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde bir laboratuvar\u0131 olan Profes\u00f6r Larry Jordan\u2019\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131 ve te\u015fvikiyle burada sinirbilim<\/a> \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[9]<\/a>[10]<\/a>[12]<\/a> 1982’den 1983’e kadar Princeton\u2019daki \u0130leri Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnde Sosyal Bilimler alan\u0131nda misafir \u00fcye olarak yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[13]<\/a> 1984’te, UCSD\u2019de felsefe b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde profes\u00f6rl\u00fck yapmak \u00fczere davet edilmi\u015f ve e\u015fi Paul ile oraya ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: ikisi de o zamandan beri UCSD\u2019dedir.[14]<\/a> 1989’dan beri UCSD\u2019nin kamp\u00fcs\u00fcne biti\u015fik Salk Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnde<\/a> yard\u0131mc\u0131 profes\u00f6rl\u00fck yapm\u0131\u015f ve burada enstit\u00fcn\u00fcn ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan Jonas Salk<\/a> [4]<\/a> ile tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Salk\u2019tan bahseden Churchland, \u201cn\u00f6rofelsefe fikrini be\u011fendi\u011fini ve bir\u00e7ok insan\u0131n, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131, \u00f6\u011fle yeme\u011fine gitti\u011fimizi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir vakitte beni muazzam \u015fekilde te\u015fvik etti\u201d demi\u015ftir. Churchland\u2019in Salk Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnde bulunan bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli destek\u00e7isi de Francis Crick\u2019ti<\/a>r . Churchland, Salk Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnde Terrence Sejnowski\u2019nin laboratuvar\u0131yla ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015fbirli\u011fi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[15]<\/a> Sejnowski ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fi, beraber yazd\u0131klar\u0131 The Computational Brain<\/em> (MIT Press, 1993) kitab\u0131yla meyvesini vermi\u015ftir. Churchland, 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda Felsefe Profes\u00f6r\u00fc se\u00e7ilmi\u015f ve 2000\u20132007 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda UCSD\u2019de Felsefe B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2006, 2007 ve 2008 y\u0131llar\u0131nda sek\u00fclerizm<\/a> \u00fczerine olan \u0130nanc\u0131n \u00d6tesinde sempozyumuna kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve konu\u015fmac\u0131 olarak yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[16]<\/a>[17]<\/a>[18]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ki\u015fisel hayat<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Churchland, partneri filozof Paul Churchland ile Pittsburgh \u00dcniversitesinde<\/a> Platon<\/a> \u00fczerine bir derse kat\u0131kd\u0131klar\u0131 s\u0131rada tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f[10]<\/a> ve Oxford \u00dcniversitesinde<\/a> B.Phil\u2019i tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra evlenmi\u015ftir.[9]<\/a> \u00c7ocuklar\u0131, ikisi de sinirbilimci olan Mark M. Churchland (1972 do\u011fumlu) ve Anne K. Churchland\u2019dir (1974 do\u011fumlu).[19]<\/a>[20]<\/a> Churchland ateisttir<\/a> .[21]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Felsefi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Churchland\u2019in felsefe anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, felsefeyi bir t\u00fcr \u201c\u00f6n-bilim\u201d olarak konumland\u0131rarak, yan\u0131tlamas\u0131 zor fakat b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda empirik sorular sormaktad\u0131r. Bilimsel birikimle entegre, uygulamal\u0131 ve pratik bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 savunmaktad\u0131r. Churchland profesyonel felsefenin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 gereksiz, n\u00fcansl\u0131 ayr\u0131mlara saplant\u0131l\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcp, d\u0131\u015flar.[22]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Churchland\u2019\u0131n kendi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sinirbilim<\/a> ve felsefe aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiye odaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ona g\u00f6re, filozoflar zihni anlamak i\u00e7in beyni anlaman\u0131n gerekti\u011fini giderek daha da fazla kavramaktad\u0131r. Bilgi, \u00f6zg\u00fcr irade, bilin\u00e7 ve etik hakk\u0131ndaki geleneksel felsefi sorular\u0131 ele almak i\u00e7in sinirbilimden elde edilen bulgular\u0131 kullanmaktad\u0131r. Eliminatif Materyalizm olarak bilinen bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ekol\u00fcnden oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Bu ekol, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, \u00f6zg\u00fcr irade ve bilin\u00e7 gibi sa\u011fduyusal (common sense), sezgisel veya \u201cfolk psikolojik\u201d kavramlar\u0131n (concept) sinirbilimciler beynin i\u015flevi hakk\u0131nda daha \u00e7ok \u015fey ke\u015ffettik\u00e7e indirgemeci bir \u015fekilde revize edilmelerinin gerekece\u011fini savunmaktad\u0131r.[23]<\/a> 2014’te, New York Review Of Books<\/em> sayfalar\u0131nda Colin McGinn ile bu konular hakk\u0131nda k\u0131sa bir fikir al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi olmu\u015ftur.[24]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6d\u00fcller ve onurlar<\/h1>\n\n\n\n